2026年3月1日 (日) 03:54 Evan

2026-03-01T03:54:47Z

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	[https://blog.csdn.net/yangzhengquan19/article/details/83788277 linux fdisk 分区、格式化、挂载]		[https://blog.csdn.net/yangzhengquan19/article/details/83788277 linux fdisk 分区、格式化、挂载]

	[[category:~~ops~~]]		[[category:AWS]]

Evan：/* function 化 */

2021-12-08T03:48:05Z

function 化

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=Note=

背景信息

数据盘的设备名默认由系统分配，命名规则如下所示：

I/O优化实例的数据盘设备名为/dev/vd[b-z]，例如/dev/vdb、/dev/vdc和/dev/vdd等。
非I/O优化实例的数据盘设备名为/dev/xvd[b-z]，例如/dev/xvdb、/dev/xvdc和/dev/xvdd等。

数据盘支持创建GPT分区和MBR分区，二者区别如下：

GPT：能够识别大于2 TiB的分区，创建分区数量无限制。
MBR：只能识别小于或等于2 TiB的分区，最多创建4个分区。

=分区格式化大于2 TiB数据盘=
[https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/34377.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.2.11.17446296TLpw9t#concept-i15-qpc-ydb 分区格式化大于2 TiB数据盘 aliyun]

=分区格式化小于2 TiB数据盘=
==来自qq云脚本==

===function 化===
<pre>

#!/bin/bash
# 2019 建议尽量用xfs on aws ec2 Tue Jan 14 06:06:39 UTC 2020

function vdbmk()
{
if grep -q /data /etc/fstab ;then
uuid=notneed; echo /data already in fstab;
else uuid=`mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb > /dev/null 2>&1 && blkid /dev/vdb | awk '{print $2}'`;
fi

if [[ $uuid == UUID* ]]; then
echo $uuid /data xfs defaults 1 0 >> /etc/fstab;

#check the fstab file 2020
if grep /data /etc/fstab | grep UUID ;then
mount -a;
else
echo "fstab files has err exit "
exit 1
fi

else echo mkfs failed;
fi
}

function xdvmk()
{
if grep -q /data /etc/fstab ;then
uuid=notneed; echo /data already in fstab;
else uuid=`mkfs.xfs /dev/xvdb > /dev/null 2>&1 && blkid /dev/xvdb | awk '{print $2}'`;
fi

if [[ $uuid == UUID* ]]; then
echo $uuid /data xfs defaults 1 0 >> /etc/fstab;

#check the fstab file 2020
if grep /data /etc/fstab | grep UUID ;then
mount -a;
else
echo "fstab files has err exit "
exit 1
fi

else echo mkfs failed;
fi
}

function nvmmk()
{
mkdir -p /data
if grep -q /data /etc/fstab ;then
uuid=notneed; echo /data already in fstab;
else uuid=`mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme1n1 > /dev/null 2>&1 && blkid /dev/nvme1n1 | awk '{print $2}'`;
fi

if [[ $uuid == UUID* ]]; then
echo $uuid /data xfs defaults 1 0 >> /etc/fstab;

#check the fstab file 2020
if grep /data /etc/fstab | grep UUID ;then
mount -a;
else
echo "fstab files has err exit "
exit 1
fi

else echo mkfs failed;
fi
}

mkdir -p /data
if fdisk -l | grep nvme1n1; then
nvmmk;
elif fdisk -l | grep vdb; then
vdbmk;
elif fdisk -l | grep xvdb; then
xdvmk;
else
echo "not xvdb or nvm"; exit 1
fi

rm $0</pre>

===简洁版本 ===
<pre>
Wed Dec 08 2021
#想简洁就这个 qcloud 专用
#!/bin/bash
#建议尽量用ext4 only aliyun 一般是ext4
mkdir -p /data
if grep -q /data /etc/fstab ;then
uuid=notneed; echo /data already in fstab;
else uuid=`mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb > /dev/null 2>&1 && blkid /dev/vdb | awk '{print $2}'`;
fi

if [[ $uuid == UUID* ]]; then
echo $uuid /data ext4 noatime,acl,user_xattr 1 0 >> /etc/fstab;
mount -a;
else echo mkfs failed;
fi
rm $0

过程
java2:~# bash -x 1
+ mkdir -p /data
+ grep -q /data /etc/fstab
++ mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb
++ blkid /dev/vdb
++ awk '{print $2}'
+ uuid='UUID="717368e4-f101-46b1-91ea-ef1812342501"'
+ [[ UUID="717368e4-f101-46b1-91ea-ef1812342501" == UUID* ]]
+ echo 'UUID="717368e4-f101-46b1-91ea-ef1812342501"' /data ext4 noatime,acl,user_xattr 1 0
+ mount -a
+ rm 1

</pre>

===以前的老的版本===
<pre>

#!/bin/bash
# 2019 建议尽量用xfs on aws ec2 Tue Jan 14 06:06:39 UTC 2020
mkdir -p /data
if grep -q /data /etc/fstab ;then
uuid=notneed; echo /data already in fstab;
if fdisk -l | grep nvme1n1; then

uuid=`mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme1n1 > /dev/null 2>&1 && blkid /dev/nvme1n1 | awk '{print $2}'`;
elif fdisk -l | grep xvdb; then

uuid=`mkfs.xfs /dev/xvdb > /dev/null 2>&1 && blkid /dev/xvdb | awk '{print $2}'`;
else
echo "not xvdb or nvm"; exit 1
fi

if [[ $uuid == UUID* ]]; then
echo $uuid /data xfs defaults 1 0 >> /etc/fstab;

#check the fstab file 2020
if grep /data /etc/fstab | grep UUID ;then
mount -a;
else
echo "fstab files has err exit "
exit 1
fi

else echo mkfs failed;
fi

#!/bin/bash
# 2019 建议尽量用xfs on aws ec2 Sun Sep 29 16:09:40 CST 2019 如果只用了xvdb 数据盘
mkdir -p /data
if grep -q /data /etc/fstab ;then
uuid=notneed; echo /data already in fstab;
else uuid=`mkfs.xfs /dev/xvdb > /dev/null 2>&1 && blkid /dev/xvdb | awk '{print $2}'`;
fi

if [[ $uuid == UUID* ]]; then
echo $uuid /data xfs defaults 1 0 >> /etc/fstab;

#check the fstab file 2020
if grep /data /etc/fstab | grep UUID ;then
mount -a;
else
echo "fstab files has err exit "
exit 1
fi

else echo mkfs failed;
fi
rm $0

#note 原版的 fstab xfs
UUID="f78f0ed2-2d18-49a1-b5b9-33a39f77315b" /data2 xfs defaults 0 0

</pre>

[root@VM_135_85_centos ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdb > /dev/null 2>&1 && blkid /dev/vdb

/dev/vdb: UUID="aee97e63-0081-4088-85c4-c6ae9a7ab253" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"

== 阿里云脚本==
<pre>
#/bin/bash
#########################################
#Function: auto fdisk
#Usage: bash auto_fdisk.sh
#Author: Customer service department
#Company: Alibaba Cloud Computing
#Version: 4.0
#########################################

count=0
tmp1=/tmp/.tmp1
tmp2=/tmp/.tmp2
>$tmp1
>$tmp2
fstab_file=/etc/fstab

#check lock file ,one time only let the script run one time
LOCKfile=/tmp/.$(basename $0)
if [ -f "$LOCKfile" ]
then
echo -e "\033[1;40;31mThe script is already exist,please next time to run this script.\033[0m"
exit
else
echo -e "\033[40;32mStep 1.No lock file,begin to create lock file and continue.\033[40;37m"
touch $LOCKfile
fi

#check user
if [ $(id -u) != "0" ]
then
echo -e "\033[1;40;31mError: You must be root to run this script, please use root to install this script.\033[0m"
rm -rf $LOCKfile
exit 1
fi

#check disk partition
check_disk()
{
>$LOCKfile
device_list=$(fdisk -l|grep "Disk"|grep "/dev"|awk '{print $2}'|awk -F: '{print $1}'|grep "vd")
for i in `echo $device_list`
do
device_count=$(fdisk -l $i|grep "$i"|awk '{print $2}'|awk -F: '{print $1}'|wc -l)
echo
if [ $device_count -lt 2 ]
then
now_mount=$(df -h)
if echo $now_mount|grep -w "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
then
echo -e "\033[40;32mThe $i disk is mounted.\033[40;37m"
else
echo $i >>$LOCKfile
echo "You have a free disk,Now will fdisk it and mount it."
fi
fi
done
disk_list=$(cat $LOCKfile)
if [ "X$disk_list" == "X" ]
then
echo -e "\033[1;40;31mNo free disk need to be fdisk.Exit script.\033[0m"
rm -rf $LOCKfile
exit 0
else
echo -e "\033[40;32mThis system have free disk :\033[40;37m"
for i in `echo $disk_list`
do
echo "$i"
count=$((count+1))
done
fi
}

#check os
check_os()
{
os_release=$(grep "Aliyun Linux release" /etc/issue 2>/dev/null)
os_release_2=$(grep "Aliyun Linux release" /etc/aliyun-release 2>/dev/null)
if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ]
then
if echo "$os_release"|grep "release 5" >/dev/null 2>&1
then
os_release=aliyun5
modify_env
fi
fi
}

#install ext4
modify_env()
{
modprobe ext4
yum install e4fsprogs -y
}

#fdisk ,formating and create the file system
fdisk_fun()
{
fdisk -S 56 $1 << EOF
n
p
1

wq
EOF

sleep 5
mkfs.ext4 ${1}1
}

#make directory
make_dir()
{
echo -e "\033[40;32mStep 4.Begin to make directory\033[40;37m"
now_dir_count=$(ls /|grep "alidata*"|awk -F "data" '{print $2}'|sort -n|tail -1)
if [ "X$now_dir_count" == "X" ]
then
for j in `seq $count`
do
echo "/alidata$j" >>$tmp1
mkdir /alidata$j
done
else
for j in `seq $count`
do
k=$((now_dir_count+j))
echo "/alidata$k" >>$tmp1
mkdir /alidata$k
done
fi
}

#config /etc/fstab and mount device
main()
{
for i in `echo $disk_list`
do
echo -e "\033[40;32mStep 3.Begin to fdisk free disk.\033[40;37m"
fdisk_fun $i
echo "${i}1" >>$tmp2
done
make_dir
>$LOCKfile
paste $tmp2 $tmp1 >$LOCKfile
echo -e "\033[40;32mStep 5.Begin to write configuration to /etc/fstab and mount device.\033[40;37m"
while read a b
do
if grep -v ^# $fstab_file|grep ${a} >/dev/null
then
sed -i "s=${a}*=#&=" $fstab_file
fi
echo "${a} $b ext4 defaults 0 0" >>$fstab_file
done <$LOCKfile
mount -a
}

#=========start script===========
echo -e "\033[40;32mStep 2.Begin to check free disk.\033[40;37m"
check_os
check_disk
main
df -h
rm -rf $LOCKfile $tmp1 $tmp2

</pre>

==参考 ==
https://www.qcloud.com/document/product/362/6735

[https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/25426.html?spm=5176.7738005.2.2.knvWII 如果是阿里格式化和挂载数据盘]

[https://blog.csdn.net/yangzhengquan19/article/details/83788277 linux fdisk 分区、格式化、挂载]

　[[category:ops]]

云服务自动分区挂载数据盘和分区 - 版本历史

2026年3月1日 (日) 03:54 Evan

Evan：​/* function 化 */

Evan：/* function 化 */